Thursday 11 October 2012
Bugatti Veyron - Technical Specification
| Bugatti Veyron Specification | |||||||||
| Engine Type | Petrol | ||||||||
| Engine Description | |||||||||
| Engine Displacement(cc) | 8000cc W16 Turbocharged | ||||||||
| No. of Cylinders | |||||||||
| Maximum Power | 987 Bhp @ 6000 rpm | ||||||||
| Maximum Torque | 1250 Nm @ 2200 rpm | ||||||||
| Valves Per Cylinder | |||||||||
| Valve Configuration | |||||||||
| Fuel Supply System | |||||||||
| Turbo Charger | |||||||||
| Super Charger | |||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Transmission | |||||||||
| Transmission Type | |||||||||
| Gear box | 7 Automatic | ||||||||
| Drive Type | |||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Suspension System | |||||||||
| Front Suspension | NA | ||||||||
| Rear Suspension | NA | ||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Steering | |||||||||
| Steering Type | Tilt | ||||||||
| Steering Column | |||||||||
| Steering Gear Type | 7 Automatic | ||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Brake System | |||||||||
| Front Brake Type | Front Ventilated | ||||||||
| Rear Brake Type | Rear Disk | ||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Performance | |||||||||
| Top Speed | 408 | ||||||||
| Acceleration (0-100 kmph) | |||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Fuel | |||||||||
| Mileage-City (kmpl) | |||||||||
| Mileage-Highway (kmpl) | 35.0 kmpl. | ||||||||
| Fuel Type | 20.0 kmpl | ||||||||
| Fuel Tank Capacity (litres) | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Emission Norm Compliance | |||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Tyres | |||||||||
| Tyre Size | 0 | ||||||||
| Alloy Wheel Size | |||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Other Specifications | |||||||||
| Seating Capacity | 2 | ||||||||
| No of Doors | 3 | ||||||||
| Bugatti Veyron Payload & Towing | |||||||||
| Cargo Volume | |||||||||
| General Bugatti Veyron Car Details | |||||||||
| Country of Assembly | Indonesia | ||||||||
| Country of Manufacture | Indonesia | ||||||||
Lamborgini Aventador- Technical Specification
Chassis and body
- Frame:
- Carbon fiber monocoque with Aluminium front and rear frames
- Body:
- Carbon fiber engine bonnet; movale spoiler and side air inlets; Aluminium front bonnet, front fenders and doors; SMC rear fender and rocker cover
- Mirrors:
- External mirror electrically foldable
- Rear spoiler:
- Moveable -3 positions depending on speed and drive select mode
Suspension
- Suspension:
- Front and rear horizontal monotube damper with push-rod system
Tyres and wheels
- ESP:
- ESP/ ABS with different ESP characteristics managed by drive select mode
- Steering:
- Steering Gear with 3 different servortonic characteristics managed by drive select mode
- Front tires:
- Pirelli 255/35 ZR19
- Rear tires:
- Pirelli 335/30 ZR20
- Front wheels:
- 19’’ x 9J
- Rear wheels:
- 20’’ x 12J
- Curb-to-curb turning circle:
- 12.5 m (41.0 ft)
Airbags
- Airbags:
- Front dual stage driver airbag and front adaptive passenger airbag; seats with side “head-thorax” airbags; passenger and driver knee airbags
Brakes
- Brakes:
- Dual hydraulic circuit brake system with vacuum brake booster; front and rear CCB, 6-cylnder brake callipers, 4-cylinder brake callipers Ø 400x 38 mm – Ø 380 x 38 mm
Engine
- Type:
- V12, 60°, MPI
- Displacement:
- 6,498 cm³ (396.5 cu.in.)
- Bore and stroke:
- Ø 95 mm x 76,4 mm
- Valve gear:
- Variable valve timing electronically controlled
- Compression ratio:
- 11.8 (± 0.2) : 1
- Maximum power:
- 700 HP (515 kW) @ 8,250 RPM
- Maximum torque:
- 690 Nm (507 lbft) @ 5,500 RPM
- Emission class:
- EURO 5 – LEV 2
- Emission control system:
- Catalytic converters with lambdasensors
- Cooling system:
- Water and oil cooling system in the rear with variable air inlets
- Engine management system:
- Lamborghini Iniezione Eletronica (LIE) with Ion current analysis
- Lubrification system:
- Dry sump
Drivetrain
- Type of transmission:
- 4WD with Haldex generation IV
- Gearbox:
- 7 speed ISR, shifting characteristic depending on drive select mode
- Clutch:
- Dry Double plate clutch, Ø 235 mm
- Standard:
- AMT
Performance
- Top speed:
- 350 km/h (217 mph)
- Acceleration 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph):
- 2.9 s
Dimensions
- Wheelbase:
- 2,700 mm (106.30 in)
- Overall length:
- 4,780 mm (188.19 in)
- Overall width (excluding mirrors):
- 2,030 mm (79.92 in)
- Overall width (including mirrors):
- 2,265 mm (89.17 in)
- Overall height:
- 1,136 mm (44.72 in)
- Front track:
- 1,720 mm (67.72 in)
- Rear track:
- 1,700 mm (66.93 in)
- Dry weight:
- 1,575 kg (3,472 lb)
- Weight/Power:
- 2.25 kg/HP (4.96 lb/HP)
- Weight distribution (front - rear):
- 43 % - 57 %
Capacities
- Fuel tank capacity:
- 90 l (23.8 gal.)
- Engine oil capacity:
- 13 l (3.4 gal.)
- Engine coolant capacity:
- 25 l (6.6 gal.)
Fuel consumption *
- Urban cycle consumption:
- 27.3 l/100 km
- Extra urban consumption:
- 11.3 l/100 km
- Combined consumption:
- 17.2 l/100 km
- CO2 emission:
- 398 g/km
Lamborgini Gallardo
Lamborghini's 'entry-level' car, the Gallardo LP560-4, has been updated for the latest model year with a slight exterior restyling. The changes should help the model retain its best-selling status among the Italian supercar maker's stable of offerings.
The front fascia gets more triangles in its corners, which are really feeds for the brake-cooling ducts. The rear bumper is also much more angular, though here, the taillights are changed as well. There are new 19-inch wheels as well, covered with an Apollo Polish. The rear spoiler is electronically controlled and rises at speed to enhance traction.
The engine remains untouched, with the same 5.2-liter 10-cylinder in a V configuration that pumps out a fiery 552 horsepower at 8,000 rpm and 398 ft-lbs of torque at 6,500 rpm. That's enough power to hit 62 mph in an impressive 4.0 seconds, according to Lamborghini's own estimates and reach on a top speed of 201mph. It's paired exclusively with E-gear, the automaker's six-speed, automated-manual transmission with two shift paddles instead of a third pedal. For those wishing to operate three pedals and row for themselves, Lamborghini will offer them a manual in the other, more performance-oriented versions of the Gallardo.
All that power then travels to all four wheels, as the 4 in the model name indicates. Each of the 19-inch wheels puts down a big footprint, with the fronts being 235mm wide and the rears 295mm. When the smallest bull needs to be reigned in, it relies on eight-piston front calipers squeezing 14.4-inch discs up front and 4-piston, 14-inch brakes in the rear.
Fuel economy - hardly a priority in this class - is rated at 13/20 with the E-gear city/highway, and 16mpg overall.
Those looking for a wind-in-your-hair experience should check out the Gallardo LP560-4 Spyder.
The front fascia gets more triangles in its corners, which are really feeds for the brake-cooling ducts. The rear bumper is also much more angular, though here, the taillights are changed as well. There are new 19-inch wheels as well, covered with an Apollo Polish. The rear spoiler is electronically controlled and rises at speed to enhance traction.
The engine remains untouched, with the same 5.2-liter 10-cylinder in a V configuration that pumps out a fiery 552 horsepower at 8,000 rpm and 398 ft-lbs of torque at 6,500 rpm. That's enough power to hit 62 mph in an impressive 4.0 seconds, according to Lamborghini's own estimates and reach on a top speed of 201mph. It's paired exclusively with E-gear, the automaker's six-speed, automated-manual transmission with two shift paddles instead of a third pedal. For those wishing to operate three pedals and row for themselves, Lamborghini will offer them a manual in the other, more performance-oriented versions of the Gallardo.
All that power then travels to all four wheels, as the 4 in the model name indicates. Each of the 19-inch wheels puts down a big footprint, with the fronts being 235mm wide and the rears 295mm. When the smallest bull needs to be reigned in, it relies on eight-piston front calipers squeezing 14.4-inch discs up front and 4-piston, 14-inch brakes in the rear.
Fuel economy - hardly a priority in this class - is rated at 13/20 with the E-gear city/highway, and 16mpg overall.
Those looking for a wind-in-your-hair experience should check out the Gallardo LP560-4 Spyder.
Wednesday 3 October 2012
Rolls Royce Ghost Six Senses
The Rolls Royce Ghost Six Senses concept can be defined as richness included in the purest kind. If its final luxury you're looking for, you can be assured that this Ghost Six Senses will not are not able to deliver. Rolls Royce has claimed that the thought vehicle is designed plus produced to help appeal to an individual's sensory awareness and this just might hold correct. However, that may again depend on how much (or even little, which can be unlikely) of the fan you happen to be of the businesses luxury shows. The Half a dozen Senses thought was launched at the Beijing Auto Show while using the intention of getting luxury indulgence to an all-new amount.
Rolls Royce Ghost Six Senses shown at Beijing Auto Show 2012
PLANET FORMATION IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM MAY HAVE BEEN STAGGERED
New research by Tagir Abdylmyanov, an associate professor from Kazan State Power Engineering University in Russia, suggests our solar system’s planets may have formed at differing times, which were determined by shock waves which came flowing from the young sun. The research also suggests Earth, Mercury, Venus and Mars are the youngest planets in the solar system. This work presents a new way in which scientists can predict where planets form in young solar systems.
Abdylmyanov based his work on a solar system formation theory proposed by Japanese astrophysicists in 1985 in the book "Protostars and Planets II”. In it, the Japanese scientists suggested that the solar system began with a solar nebula that gradually evolved to form clumps of dust that gelled to make protoplanets and then planets. Abdylmyanov adapted his own mathematical models to take this previous research even further, by suggesting the planets formed at different times instead of all at the same time.
Abdylmyanov modelled the movement of particles in fluids and gases inside the gas cloud from which our sun formed and theorised that the movements of this material would have created shockwaves as the sun evolved. His work suggests that each series of shockwaves created a series of debris rings around the sun that accreted over millions of years into planets. The modern distance between the orbits of the planets is assumed to be the result of the action of the shock waves and the solar activity when the star was forming.
The first series of shockwaves, which came from short but very rapid changes in solar activity, would have created the protoplanetary rings for Uranus, Neptune and dwarf planet Pluto, very close in time to the sun’s birth. 3 million years later, less powerful shockwaves created the debris ring which ultimately became Saturn, and then 500,000 years later Jupiter’s debris ring may have formed. Shock waves about a million years after that, when the sun was far calmer, created the asteroid belt; 500,000 years after that would see the creation of the protoplanetary rings for Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Abdylmyanov’s research also shows that gas and dust accretions could have caused accelerated planetary formation from the protoplanetary rings. This would likely favour the formation of only one planet from that ring, rather than several.
Scientists can study the brightness of stars in the process of forming to find indications as to the intensity of the stellar shock waves, and then may be able to predict the location of planets around stars millions of years before they have formed.
Abdylmyanov based his work on a solar system formation theory proposed by Japanese astrophysicists in 1985 in the book "Protostars and Planets II”. In it, the Japanese scientists suggested that the solar system began with a solar nebula that gradually evolved to form clumps of dust that gelled to make protoplanets and then planets. Abdylmyanov adapted his own mathematical models to take this previous research even further, by suggesting the planets formed at different times instead of all at the same time.
Abdylmyanov modelled the movement of particles in fluids and gases inside the gas cloud from which our sun formed and theorised that the movements of this material would have created shockwaves as the sun evolved. His work suggests that each series of shockwaves created a series of debris rings around the sun that accreted over millions of years into planets. The modern distance between the orbits of the planets is assumed to be the result of the action of the shock waves and the solar activity when the star was forming.
The first series of shockwaves, which came from short but very rapid changes in solar activity, would have created the protoplanetary rings for Uranus, Neptune and dwarf planet Pluto, very close in time to the sun’s birth. 3 million years later, less powerful shockwaves created the debris ring which ultimately became Saturn, and then 500,000 years later Jupiter’s debris ring may have formed. Shock waves about a million years after that, when the sun was far calmer, created the asteroid belt; 500,000 years after that would see the creation of the protoplanetary rings for Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Abdylmyanov’s research also shows that gas and dust accretions could have caused accelerated planetary formation from the protoplanetary rings. This would likely favour the formation of only one planet from that ring, rather than several.
Scientists can study the brightness of stars in the process of forming to find indications as to the intensity of the stellar shock waves, and then may be able to predict the location of planets around stars millions of years before they have formed.
Bugatti Veryon -17.4 Grand Sport Vitesse The year 2013
The Bugatti Veyron 17.4 Grand Sport Vitesse The year 2013 is the carmaker's top goal involved with bringing this achievements of your Super Sport at the convertible, defining it as the fastest van of its classification in the world. Unsurprisingly a top lower version on the Super Sport will take quite a lot of considering and archaeologist, but Bugatti is not an stranger within the concept of breaking the limits and exceeding goals.The sports car is commited by the 8.0 liter W16 engine that generates no more or maybe less than 1100 horsepower for 6400 RPM, along with an astonishing 1106 lb-ft from torque through 3000 that will 5000 Revoltions per minute. Evidently any Grand Sport shares several other parts with the Very Sportincluding the four even larger turbochargers, the intercooler and the quad fuel air pump setup in order to name a few.Relating to performance I do think there's no puzzle here. That Grand Sport goes out of 0 for you to 60 miles-per-hour in under Couple of.6 secs, from a grinding halt to 124 mph in only 5.1 mere seconds and by 0 to be able to 186 in 17 seconds. Just what about the top notch speed? The Grand Sport can go up to successfully 255 mph, reliable a bit of a hook. Evidently the rooftop needs to be upon in order to achieve topping speed, owing to the roof along the aerodynamics modify and it is affecting how the supercar runs on the road. Still, Bugatti had to implement a few improvements when the top is shut off. For instance, a corner wing has learned when the hardtop may be detached plus it changes its angle as a way to increase downforce and aerodynamics. They additionally had to restrict the car's top momentum while in sports car mode in order to 233 mph.Apparently in order to achieve these kinds of performance you'll want to burn a number of fuel for pretty sure the fact that whoever plans on buying a Grand Sport will not take into account fuel efficiency while this, but just to present you with an idea of exactly how extreme this specific piece of engineering is, by full reduce the 8 liter W16 may burn it happens to be entire water tank of 27.4 gallons connected with gas on eight a few minutes and will gulp more environment in one per hour than a people in one 30 days.As is custom, the Grand Sport has generated with no skimp and you still obtain the same higher level of luxury found in the previous models. It's really a civilized sporty car and offers a pleasant place to rest in. Everything appears perfect and even from the moment you fire up the serps to the role where you decide to put your ft down on the carbon-ceramic brakes, all of the Vitesse manages to impress quite a bit a lot more than the one-trick-pony supercars we will used, many of these asLamborghinis and Ferraris.Having said that, it all is available at a price and then the Bugatti Veyron 16.Check out Grand Sport Vitesse 2013 seems to impress despite the presence of its anticipated base price of $2.5 million, in which seems just as out of this world as the car / truck itself.
Monday 1 October 2012
TITAN HAS SEASONAL CHANGES
Saturn’s Moon Titan has been subject to detailed observations for 30 years now, which covers one solar orbit for the planet. Scientists lead by Dr Athena Coustenis from the Paris-Meudon Observatory in France, have analysed data gathered over these years and found that the changing seasons of Titan affect it more than previously thought.
The recent analysis has shown that there are seasonal changes in atmospheric temperatures, chemical composition and circulation patterns, particularly at the poles. Hydrocarbon lakes form around the northern polar region during winter because of colder temperatures and condensation. The haze layer around the northern pole is also significantly reduced during the equinox because of the atmospheric circulation patterns.
The dominant energy source, and also the main cause of these cycles, is solar radiation. This radiation breaks up the nitrogen and methane present and creates more complex molecules like ethane. Titan is inclined at 27 degrees which is similar to Earth’s inclination, meaning the seasons on both worlds are caused by sunlight reaching different areas with varying intensity due to the tilt.
Data was analysed from many different missions, including Voyager 1 (1980), the Infrared Space Observatory (1997), and Cassini (2004 onward), and was also complemented by ground-based observations. The seasons on Titan each span around 7.5 years and it takes 29.5 years for Saturn to orbit the Sun.
The image is an impression of Titan’s surface, based on data from the Huygens mission, giving an idea the view from the ground.
WASP-12B: THE HOTTEST KNOWN EXOPLANET
WASP 12b is located around a star 867 light years away from Earth in the constellation Auriga. It was discovered in 2008 and is currently the hottest known exoplanet, with a surface temperature of about 2,200°C (4,000°F). It is almost twice the size of Jupiter and orbits about 3.4 million kilometres out from its parent star; as the planet is so close to its star, the star’s gravity pulls it into a slight egg like shape. In contrast, Earth orbits about 150 million kilometres out from the sun. WASP-12b orbits its parent star once every Earth day.
On May 20, 2010, the Hubble Space Telescope spotted WASP-12b being consumed by its star. While scientists had been aware of such phenomena, this was the first time such an event had been observed so clearly. It is estimated that the planet has 10 million years left of its life. NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope discovered that WASP-12b has more carbon than oxygen, making it the first carbon-rich planet ever observed. As concentrated carbon can take the form of diamond, it is possible that carbon-rich gas planets could have abundant diamond in their interiors.
Also in 2010, scientists at the Open University found that WASP-12b's parent star dimmed at times when the exoplanet passed in front of the star as seen from Earth sooner in ultraviolet wavelengths than in optical wavelengths during transits. At the time the astronomers thought the signal was from a cloud of material being stripped away from the planet by the parent star. Astronomers inferred that the planet had a magnetosphere, based on observations using the Hubble Space Telescope.
In 2011, Aline Vidotto and Ph.D. student Joe Llama used computer simulations to see whether the planet might create compress the material in front of it to create a bowshock ahead of it, acting like a shield which protects it while it journeys through a supersonic headwind while orbiting so close to its parent star. The star that WASP-12b orbits is a yellow dwarf that spews out charged particles much like the sun's solar wind. The researchers simulated magnetic fields for the planet and then observed the interactions between the magnetic fields and the solar wind streaming from the nearby star.
Research such as this gives astronomers another tool with which to measure the strength of planetary magnetic fields. The team has been able to examine other exoplanets and found that their orbital conditions would allow a similar bowshock; bowshocks could be more common than previously thought.
The image is an artist’s impression of WASP-12b, showing the star's gravity pulling material off the planet into a disk around the star.
EQUINOX TRAILS
This image was captured by Juan Carlos Casado, taken from Teide Observatory (IAC) in the Canary Islands. The image was taken during the spring equinox of 2010, using a full format DSLR with a fisheye lens, placed in a fixed position toward the west. The photographer first made exposures for the Sun every 30 seconds with a solar filter placed on the lens for the duration of about 6 hours (the bold rectilinear trail is the sun). After the sun set, exposures were made continuously (30 seconds each) to capture the motion of stars for about 5 hours. All images were then combined on the computer, and the distortion from the fisheye was also fixed.
The image you see is the result: the sun is passing the celestial equator while startrails on each celestial hemisphere (North and South) are curved in the opposite direction. The North Star (Polaris) is to the right of the image, above the solar laboratory "Pyramid Van der Raay" (known as Pyramid). The Teide Volcano (3,710 metres height) is in the background and La Palma Island is on the horizon
The image you see is the result: the sun is passing the celestial equator while startrails on each celestial hemisphere (North and South) are curved in the opposite direction. The North Star (Polaris) is to the right of the image, above the solar laboratory "Pyramid Van der Raay" (known as Pyramid). The Teide Volcano (3,710 metres height) is in the background and La Palma Island is on the horizon
